ELLHNIKO Linux FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions with Answers)

Georgatos Photis < gef@hellug.gr>

1. Eisagwgh kai genikes plhrofories

• 1.1 Ti einai to Linux
• 1.2 Ti logismiko (software) yposthrizei;
• 1.3 Trexei ston ypologisth moy; Ti yliko (hardware) yposthrizei;
• 1.4 Ti eidoys metafores (ports) gia alloys epejergastes yparxoyn;
• 1.5 Poso xwro 8elei ston sklhro moy disko;
• 1.6 Exei to Linux pneymatika dikaiwmata (Copyright); Epitrepetai h antigrafh;

2. Phges kai poroi enhmerwshs sto diktyo (kai mh).

• 2.1 Ti keimena yparxoyn gia enhmerwsh;
• 2.2 Apo poy mporw na parw ta HOWTO kai loiph tekmhriwsh
• 2.3 Pou 8a prepei na cajw sto World Wide Web gia 8emata toy Linux;
• 2.4 Ti newsgroups yparxoyn gia to Linux;
• 2.5 Pws 8a egkatasthsw to Linux
• 2.6 Poy 8a brw yliko toy Linux me FTP;
• 2.7 Den exw prosbash se FTP. Pws na parw to Linux
• 2.8 Den exw prosbash stis omades syzhthsewn toy Usenet. Pws enhmerwnomai;
• 2.9 Ti listes yparxoyn;
• 2.10 Arxeio8etountai oi omades syzhthsewn toy Usenet;

3. Symbatothta me alla leitoyrgika

• 3.1 Mporei to Linux na moirastei ton disko me DOS; OS/2; 386BSD; Win95; WinNT; Solaris;
• 3.2 Pws prospelaunw ta arxeia moy se mia katatmhsh toy DOS;
• 3.3 Mporw na xrhsimopoihsw to sympiesmeno moy DOS drive;
• 3.4 Mporw na xrhsimopoihsw to partition toy OS/2 (HPFS);
• 3.5 ***Can I access BSD FFS, SysV UFS, Mac, Amiga, etc filesystems?
• 3.6 Mporw na trejw efarmoges twn Windows katw apo Linux
• 3.7 Pws mporw na ekkinw to Linux apo ton Boot Manager toy OS/2;
• 3.8 Pws mporw na moirastw ton idio xwro metaju toy Linux kai twn Windows gia swap;

4. Xeirismos twn systhmatwn arxeio8ethshs, sklhrwn diskwn kai disketwn apo to Linux

• 4.1 Pws mporw na kanw to Linux na doylecei sto megaloy mege8oys
• 4.2 Pws mporw na epanaferw arxeia poy exw diagracei;
• 4.3 Yparxei anasygkrothths (defragmenter) gia to ext2fs klp;
• 4.4 Pws diamorfwnw kai dhmioyrgw ena susthma arxeio8ethshs se disketa;
• 4.5 Lambanw perierga mhnumata sxetika me inodes, blocks, kai diafora
• 4.6 H perioxh proswrinhs apo8hkeyshs (swap area) den leitoyrgei.
• 4.7 Pws diagrafw to LILO etsi, wste to susthma moy na jekina kai pali
• 4.8 Giati den mporw na xrhsimopoihsw thn entolh fdformat para mono ws
• 4.9 Yparxei kati san to Stacker h to Doublespace gia to Linux;
• 4.10 Oi diaireseis toy sklhrou moy diskoy tupoy ext2fs elegxontai ka8e fora poy epanekkinw ton ypologisth moy
• 4.11 To susthma arxeio8ethshs toy diaxeiristh diktuoy (root) einai
• 4.12 Exw ena terastio arxeio /proc/kcore! Mporw na to diagracw;
• 4.13 H AHA1542C moy den leitoyrgei me to Linux.

5. Metafora kai metaglwttish programmatwn

• 5.1 Pws mporw na metaferw ena programma sto linux apo alla leitoyrgika systhmata;
• 5.2 Ti einai to ld.so kai pou mporw na to brw;
• 5.3 Exei kaneis metaferei / kanei compile / gracei kapoio XXX programma gia to linux;
• 5.4 Mporw na xrhsimopoihsw se enan 386, kwdika h enan compiler poy exei ginei compile se enan 486;
• 5.5 Ti kanei to gcc -O6;
• 5.6 Pou einai ta linux/*.h kai ta asm/*.h;
• 5.7 Yparxoyn la8h otan dokimazw na kanw compile ton kernel.
• 5.8 Pws mporw na dhmioyrghsw mia shared library;
• 5.9 Ta ektelesima moy einai (polu) megala.
• 5.10 Yposthrizei to Linux nhmatikes (threads) h lightweight epejergasies;
• 5.11 Poy mporw na brw to `lint' gia Linux
• 5.12 Poy mporw na brw to `kermit' gia Linux

6. Luseis se diafora koina problhmata.

• 6.1 To free dinei sfalmata leitoyrgikou (core).
• 6.2 To roloi moy einai polu la8os.
• 6.3 Ta setuid scripts den fainontai na doyleuoyn.
• 6.4 H eleu8erh mnhmh opws thn anaferei to free synexws meiwnetai.
• 6.5 Otan pros8etw mnhmh, argoporei, ews kai sernetai.
• 6.6 Orismena programmata (p.x. xdm) den me afhnoyn na kanw login.
• 6.7 Orismena programmata me afhnoyn na kanw log in xwris password.
• 6.8 To mhxanhma moy paei polu arga otan trexw to GCC / ta X / ...
• 6.9 Mporw na kanw login mono ws root.
• 6.10 H o8onh moy einai gemath parajenoys xarakthres anti gia grammata.
• 6.11 Exw kanei xalia to susthma moy kai den mporw na kanw login gia na to ftiajw.
• 6.12 Anakalyca ena terastio keno asfaleias (trupa) sthn rm!
• 6.13 To lpr(1) h to lpd(8) den doyleuoyn.
• 6.14 H wra se arxeia se katatmhseis msdos den einai swsth.
• 6.15 Pws mporw na kanw to LILO na diabasei to vmlinux arxeio;

7. Pws kanw ayto h ma8ainw pws...

• 7.1 Pws mporw na exw kulish pros ta pisw se mh grafiko periballon;
• 7.2 Pws enallassw eikonika termatika ; Pws ta energopoiw;
• 7.3 Pws orizw thn zwnh wras;
• 7.4 Ti ekdosh (version) toy Linux kai ti onoma mhxanhmatos xrhsimopoiw;
• 7.5 Pws mporw na energopoihsw h na apenergopoihsw ta mhnumata sfalmatos toy leitoyrgikou; (core dumps)
• 7.6 Pws anaba8mizw /anametaglwttizw ton pyrhna;
• 7.7 Mporw na exw panw apo 3 seiriakes 8ures, me diamoirazomenes aithseis diakopwn;
• 7.8 Pws dhmioyrgw mia disketa ekkinhshs;
• 7.9 Pws epanaprosdiorizw to plhktrologio moy se Aggliko, Galliko klp.;
• 7.10 Pws mporw na exw to lampaki NUM LOCK na einai anammeno ej' orismou ;
• 7.11 Pws mporw na exw panw apo 128Mb proswrinou xwroy enallaghs (swap);

8. Diafores plhrofories kai apanthseis

• 8.1 Pws programmatizw to XYZ sto Linux
• 8.2 Ti einai ayta gia to ELF;
• 8.3 Ti einai ena arxeio .gz ; Kai ena .tgz ; Kai ... ;
• 8.4 Ti shmainoyn ta arxika VFS;
• 8.5 Ti einai to BogoMip;
• 8.6 Ti einai to Linux Journal kai poy mporw na to brw
• 8.7 Posoi an8rwpoi xrhsimopoioun Linux
• 8.8 Pws 8a eprepe na proferw to Linux

9. Frequently encountered error messages.

• 9.1 Unknown terminal type linux and similar.
• 9.2 During linking I get Undefined symbol _mcount
• 9.3 lp1 on fire
• 9.4 INET: Warning: old style ioctl(IP_SET_DEV) called!
• 9.5 ld: unrecognized option '-m486'
• 9.6 GCC says Internal compiler error.
• 9.7 make says Error 139
• 9.8 shell-init: permission denied when I log in.
• 9.9 No utmp entry. You must exec ... when I log in.
• 9.10 Warning -- bdflush not running.
• 9.11 Warning: obsolete routing request made.
• 9.12 EXT2-fs: warning: mounting unchecked filesystem.
• 9.13 EXT2-fs warning: maximal count reached.
• 9.14 EXT2-fs warning: checktime reached.
• 9.15 df says Cannot read table of mounted filesystems.
• 9.16 fdisk says Partition X has different physical/logical ...
• 9.17 fdisk: Partition 1 does not start on cylinder boundary
• 9.18 fdisk says partition n has an odd number of sectors.
• 9.19 mtools says cannot initialise drive XYZ
• 9.20 At the start of booting: Memory tight
• 9.21 You don't exist. Go away.

10. X Windows

• 10.1 Yposthrizei to Linux X Windows?
• 10.2 Pws mporw na brw ena XF86Config arxeio gia to susthma moy;
• 10.3 xterm logins show up strangely in who, finger.
• 10.4 Den mporw na ry8misw ta X Windows na doylecoyn swsta.

11. Erwthseis gia polu palia programmata.

• 11.1 To Emacs petaei core.
• 11.2 To fdisk leei oti den mporei na xrhsimopoihsei nnn sectors apo ayto to partition.
• 11.3 O GCC merikes fores xrhsimopoiei terastia posa eikonikhs mnhmhs kai kremaei.
• 11.4 To plhktrologio moy trelainetai otan allazw Virtual Consoles.

12. Pws mporw na exw epipros8eth boh8eia;

• 12.1 H erwthsh moy den exei akoma apanth8ei.
• 12.2 Ti na pw otan zhtaw boh8eia.
• 12.3 8elw na steilw mail se kapoion sxetika me to problhma moy.

13. Plhrofories gia to FAQ, adeia xrhshs kai ypomnhseis.

• 13.1 Ta sxolia einai eyprosdekta
• 13.2 Morfes poy to FAQ einai dia8esimo.
• 13.3 Authorship and acknowledgements.
• 13.4 ***Disclaimer and Copyright.

14. Gia thn Ellhnikh metafrash

• 14.1 TODO
• 14.2 Ta sxolia einai eyprosdekta
• 14.3 Morfes stis opoies diati8etai ayto to keimeno