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Macaulay2Doc :: nullhomotopy

nullhomotopy -- make a null homotopy

Description

nullhomotopy f -- produce a nullhomotopy for a map f of chain complexes.

Whether f is null homotopic is not checked.

Here is part of an example provided by Luchezar Avramov. We construct a random module over a complete intersection, resolve it over the polynomial ring, and produce a null homotopy for the map that is multiplication by one of the defining equations for the complete intersection.

i1 : A = ZZ/101[x,y];
i2 : M = cokernel random(A^3, A^{-2,-2})

o2 = cokernel | 27x2+xy-3y2   2x2-37xy-15y2  |
              | 37x2-20xy-6y2 26x2-21xy-18y2 |
              | 2x2-11xy-41y2 -16x2-49xy-7y2 |

                            3
o2 : A-module, quotient of A
i3 : R = cokernel matrix {{x^3,y^4}}

o3 = cokernel | x3 y4 |

                            1
o3 : A-module, quotient of A
i4 : N = prune (M**R)

o4 = cokernel | -47x2+41xy-18y2 -26x2+50xy-22y2 x3 x2y+45xy2-26y3 -33xy2+31y3 y4 0  0  |
              | x2+33xy-46y2    36xy+40y2       0  25xy2-y3       39xy2-12y3  0  y4 0  |
              | 30xy-7y2        x2-5xy+8y2      0  -2y3           xy2-23y3    0  0  y4 |

                            3
o4 : A-module, quotient of A
i5 : C = resolution N

      3      8      5
o5 = A  <-- A  <-- A  <-- 0
                           
     0      1      2      3

o5 : ChainComplex
i6 : d = C.dd

          3                                                                                  8
o6 = 0 : A  <------------------------------------------------------------------------------ A  : 1
               | -47x2+41xy-18y2 -26x2+50xy-22y2 x3 x2y+45xy2-26y3 -33xy2+31y3 y4 0  0  |
               | x2+33xy-46y2    36xy+40y2       0  25xy2-y3       39xy2-12y3  0  y4 0  |
               | 30xy-7y2        x2-5xy+8y2      0  -2y3           xy2-23y3    0  0  y4 |

          8                                                                              5
     1 : A  <-------------------------------------------------------------------------- A  : 2
               {2} | 44xy2+8y3       31xy2+8y3      -44y3      35y3       11y3      |
               {2} | -11xy2+18y3     37y3           11y3       34y3       47y3      |
               {3} | 27xy+49y2       -23xy-21y2     -27y2      13y2       16y2      |
               {3} | -27x2-22xy+30y2 23x2+39xy+29y2 27xy-27y2  -13xy-28y2 -16xy-y2  |
               {3} | 11x2+18xy+10y2  -12xy-36y2     -11xy-36y2 -34xy+29y2 -47xy+3y2 |
               {4} | 0               0              x-35y      -47y       2y        |
               {4} | 0               0              6y         x-36y      -26y      |
               {4} | 0               0              35y        -22y       x-30y     |

          5
     2 : A  <----- 0 : 3
               0

o6 : ChainComplexMap
i7 : s = nullhomotopy (x^3 * id_C)

          8                            3
o7 = 1 : A  <------------------------ A  : 0
               {2} | 0 x-33y -36y |
               {2} | 0 -30y  x+5y |
               {3} | 1 47    26   |
               {3} | 0 -49   4    |
               {3} | 0 39    -14  |
               {4} | 0 0     0    |
               {4} | 0 0     0    |
               {4} | 0 0     0    |

          5                                                                                8
     2 : A  <---------------------------------------------------------------------------- A  : 1
               {5} | 24  38  0 24y     46x+2y   xy+43y2     49xy+42y2    41xy+14y2    |
               {5} | -18 -39 0 22x+26y -47x+47y -25y2       xy-38y2      -39xy+28y2   |
               {5} | 0   0   0 0       0        x2+35xy+3y2 47xy-40y2    -2xy-19y2    |
               {5} | 0   0   0 0       0        -6xy-23y2   x2+36xy-30y2 26xy+11y2    |
               {5} | 0   0   0 0       0        -35xy+17y2  22xy+9y2     x2+30xy+27y2 |

                   5
     3 : 0 <----- A  : 2
              0

o7 : ChainComplexMap
i8 : s*d + d*s

          3                    3
o8 = 0 : A  <---------------- A  : 0
               | x3 0  0  |
               | 0  x3 0  |
               | 0  0  x3 |

          8                                       8
     1 : A  <----------------------------------- A  : 1
               {2} | x3 0  0  0  0  0  0  0  |
               {2} | 0  x3 0  0  0  0  0  0  |
               {3} | 0  0  x3 0  0  0  0  0  |
               {3} | 0  0  0  x3 0  0  0  0  |
               {3} | 0  0  0  0  x3 0  0  0  |
               {4} | 0  0  0  0  0  x3 0  0  |
               {4} | 0  0  0  0  0  0  x3 0  |
               {4} | 0  0  0  0  0  0  0  x3 |

          5                              5
     2 : A  <-------------------------- A  : 2
               {5} | x3 0  0  0  0  |
               {5} | 0  x3 0  0  0  |
               {5} | 0  0  x3 0  0  |
               {5} | 0  0  0  x3 0  |
               {5} | 0  0  0  0  x3 |

     3 : 0 <----- 0 : 3
              0

o8 : ChainComplexMap
i9 : s^2

          5         3
o9 = 2 : A  <----- A  : 0
               0

                   8
     3 : 0 <----- A  : 1
              0

o9 : ChainComplexMap

Ways to use nullhomotopy :