µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °£´ÜÇÑ ¹æ¹ý
ÀÌ ÀýÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇϱâ Àü¿¡ DNS°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾à°£ÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ°Ú´Ù.
ÀÐ¾î µÎ¸é ¸¹Àº µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °è¼Ó Àд °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.
ÀÐ°í ½ÍÁö ¾Ê´õ¶óµµ ´ëÃæ ÈÈ¾î º¸±â´Â ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
¾î°µç named.conf
¿¡ °üÇÑ ³»¿ëºÎÅÍ´Â ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ÀÐ¾î¼ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÀÌÇØÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
DNS´Â °èÃþÀûÀÎ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ´Ù. ÃÖ»óÀ§ °èÃþÀº `.
'À¸·Î Àû°í `·çÆ®'·Î ¹ßÀ½ÇÑ´Ù.
`.' ¾Æ·¡·Î ORG, COM, EDU, NET °°Àº ÃÖ»óÀ§ µµ¸ÞÀÎ(TLDs: Top Level
Domains)ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
¾î¶² ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ ãÀ» ¶§, Äõ¸®´Â ÃÖ»óÀ§ °èÃþ¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿© ÇÏÀ§ °èÃþÀ¸·Î
ã¾Æ ³»·Á °£´Ù. prep.ai.mit.edu
¸¦ ã´Â °æ¿ì »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ³×ÀÓ ¼¹ö´Â
edu µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ´ã´çÇÏ´Â ³×ÀÓ ¼¹ö¸¦ ã¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ .
¼¹ö¿¡¼ ÁúÀÇÇÏ°Ô
µÇ°í ±×·¯¸é .
¼¹ö´Â edu µµ¸ÞÀÎ ´ã´ç ¼¹öµéÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ³Ñ°Ü ÁØ´Ù. (À̹Ì
.
¼¹ö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ³×ÀÓ ¼¹ö°¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé,
root.hints
ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ ¸í½ÃÇØ ÁÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.)
$ nslookup
Default Server: localhost
Address: 127.0.0.1
·çÆ® ¼¹ö¿¡ ÁúÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ
> server c.root-servers.net.
Default Server: c.root-servers.net
Address: 192.33.4.12
Äõ¸® À¯ÇüÀ» NS·Î ¼³Á¤ (name server records):
> set q=ns
edu¿¡ °üÇØ ÁúÀÇ
> edu.
¿©±â¿¡¼ ¸¶Áö¸· ÄÀÇ .ÀÌ Áß¿äÇѵ¥, . ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â edu µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ ÁúÀÇÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. (ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °Ë»ö ¹üÀ§¸¦ Ãà¼ÒÇÑ´Ù.)
edu nameserver = A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu nameserver = H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu nameserver = B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu nameserver = C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu nameserver = D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu nameserver = E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu nameserver = I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu nameserver = F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu nameserver = G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 198.41.0.4
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 128.63.2.53
B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 128.9.0.107
C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.33.4.12
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 128.8.10.90
E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.203.230.10
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.36.148.17
F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.5.5.241
G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.112.36.4
À§ÀÇ °á°ú·Î *.root-servers.net
ÀÌ edu.
´ã´ç ¼¹öÀÓÀ»
¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ °è¼ÓÇؼ c
¼¹ö¿¡°Ô ÁúÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
À̹ø¿¡´Â ¾î´À ¼¹ö°¡ mit.edu.
µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ´ã´çÇÏ´ÂÁö
¾Ë¾Æ º¸ÀÚ. °è¼ÓÇؼ ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ mit.edu.
À» ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
> mit.edu.
Server: c.root-servers.net
Address: 192.33.4.12
Non-authoritative answer:
mit.edu nameserver = W20NS.mit.edu
mit.edu nameserver = BITSY.mit.edu
mit.edu nameserver = STRAWB.mit.edu
Authoritative answers can be found from:
W20NS.mit.edu internet address = 18.70.0.160
BITSY.mit.edu internet address = 18.72.0.3
STRAWB.mit.edu internet address = 18.71.0.151
steawb
, w20ns
¿Í bitsy
¼¹ö°¡ mit
¸¦ ´ã´çÇÑ´Ù.
±× Áß Çϳª¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿© ai.mit.edu
¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÁúÀÇÇØ º¸ÀÚ.
> server W20NS.mit.edu.
È£½ºÆ®¸íÀº ´ë¼Ò¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ±¸º°ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ´Ù¸¸ ¸¶¿ì½º·Î ȸéÀ» ±Ü¾î ºÙ¿©¼ ÀÌ·¸°Ô º¸ÀδÙ.
Server: W20NS.mit.edu
Address: 18.70.0.160
> ai.mit.edu.
Server: W20NS.mit.edu
Address: 18.70.0.160
Non-authoritative answer:
ai.mit.edu nameserver = ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu nameserver = GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu nameserver = TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu nameserver = MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu nameserver = LIFE.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu nameserver = BEET-CHEX.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu nameserver = MINI-WHEATS.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu nameserver = COUNT-CHOCULA.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu nameserver = MINTAKA.LCS.MIT.EDU
Authoritative answers can be found from:
AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = LIFE.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = BEET-CHEX.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = MINI-WHEATS.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = COUNT-CHOCULA.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = MINTAKA.LCS.MIT.EDU
ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.5
GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.36.4
TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.37.6
MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.39.7
LIFE.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.80
BEET-CHEX.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.22
MINI-WHEATS.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.54.11
COUNT-CHOCULA.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.38.22
MINTAKA.LCS.MIT.EDU internet address = 18.26.0.36
À§ÀÇ °á°ú¿¡¼ museli.ai.mit.edu
°¡ ai.mit.edu
´ã´ç
³×ÀÓ ¼¹ö Áß ÇϳªÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ
ÁúÀÇÇØ º¸ÀÚ.
> server MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU
Default Server: MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU
Address: 128.52.39.7
³×ÀÓ ¼¹ö¸¦ ã¾ÒÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÀÌÁ¦ Äõ¸® À¯ÇüÀ» ¹Ù²ã¼ prep.ai.mit.edu
¿¡ °üÇÑ
¸ðµç »çÇ×À» ÁúÀÇÇØ º¸ÀÚ.
> set q=any
> prep.ai.mit.edu.
Server: MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU
Address: 128.52.39.7
prep.ai.mit.edu CPU = dec/decstation-5000.25 OS = unix
prep.ai.mit.edu
inet address = 18.159.0.42, protocol = tcp
ftp telnet smtp finger
prep.ai.mit.edu preference = 1, mail exchanger = gnu-life.ai.mit.edu
prep.ai.mit.edu internet address = 18.159.0.42
ai.mit.edu nameserver = beet-chex.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu nameserver = alpha-bits.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu nameserver = mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu nameserver = trix.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu nameserver = muesli.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu nameserver = count-chocula.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu nameserver = mintaka.lcs.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu nameserver = life.ai.mit.edu
gnu-life.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.60
beet-chex.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.22
alpha-bits.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.5
mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.54.11
trix.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.37.6
muesli.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.39.7
count-chocula.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.38.22
mintaka.lcs.mit.edu internet address = 18.26.0.36
life.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.80
ÀÌ·¸°Ô Çؼ .
·ÎºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÇؼ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓÀ» ´ã´çÇÏ´Â Àü´Ü°èÀÇ ³×ÀÓ
¼¹öµéÀ» ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ã¾Ò´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¼¹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ DNS
¼¹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇß´Ù¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ named´Â ´ç¿¬È÷ ±× ¸ðµç Á¤º¸µéÀ» º¸°üÇØ µÎ¾úÀ»
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´çºÐ°£Àº °°Àº ÁúÀǸ¦ ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¸¹ÀÌ °Å·ÐµÇÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸ Áß¿äÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ in-addr.arpa
ÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¿ª½Ã Á¤»ó µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÑ´Ù.
in-addr.arpa
´Â È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ±× À̸§À»
¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù. ¿©±â¼ ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÒ Á¡Àº in-addr.arpa
µµ¸ÞÀο¡¼´Â
ip ¼ýÀÚµéÀÌ ¿ª¼øÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 192.128.52.43 ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦
¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì, prep.ai.mit.edu
ÀÇ ¿¹Ã³·³ 'named'´Â arpa. ¼¹ö¸¦
ã´Â´Ù. ±× ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î in-addr.arpa.
¼¹ö¸¦ ã°í,
192.in-addr.arpa.
¼¹ö¸¦ ãÀº ´ÙÀ½,
128.192.in-addr.arpa.
¼¹ö¸¦ ã¾Æ¼ 52.128.192.in-addr.arpa.
¼¹ö¸¦
ã´Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í´Â 43.52.128.192.in-addr.arpa.
¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â Ç׸ñÀ» ã´Â´Ù.
¶È¶ÈÇÏÁÒ?(±×·¸´Ù°í ¸»Çϱæ... ) ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ¿ª¼øÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº
óÀ½ 2³â Á¤µµ´Â È¥¶õ½º·¯¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
»ç½Ç ÇÊÀÚ´Â Áö±Ý±îÁö °ÅÁþ¸»À» Çß´Ù. DNS´Â ÀúÀÚ°¡ À̾߱âÇÑ ±ÛÀÚ ±×´ë·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×·¸Áö¸¸ ±× Àǹ̴ ÃæºÐÇÏ´Ù.
ÀÌÁ¦´Â °£´ÜÇÏ°Ô¶óµµ Çѹø µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇØ º¸ÀÚ. linux.bogus¶ó´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» Á¤ÇÏ°í ±×±â¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ ÄÄÇ»Å͵éÀÇ À̸§À» Á¤ÀÇÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾î´À ´©±¸µµ È¥µ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â Á¸ÀçÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
½ÃÀÛÇϱâ Àü¿¡ Çϳª ´õ: ¸ðµç ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¿µ¹®ÀÚ: a-z, ¼ýÀÚ: 0-9, ±×¸®°í '-' (dash) ¹®ÀÚ¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®ÀÚµéÀ» ¸í½ÉÇ϶ó. ´ë¹®ÀÚ³ª ¼Ò¹®ÀÚ³ª DNS¿¡°Ô´Â ¸¶Âù°¡Áö´Ù. ±×·¡¼ pat.uio.noÀº Pat.UiO.No¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù.
named.conf
¿¡¼ ¾Æ·¡ ºÎºÐ ¼³Á¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÍÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³¸íÇß´Ù.
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "pz/127.0.0"; };
ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ `.'ÀÌ ¾øÀ½¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÏÀÚ.
À§ÀÇ ¼³Á¤ Áß Ã¹¹ø° ¶óÀÎÀº 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
Á¸(zone)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
Á¤ÀÇÀÓÀ» ¶æÇÏ°í, µÎ¹ø° ¶óÀÎÀÎ ÀÌ ¼¹ö°¡ 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
Á¸ÀÇ
¸¶½ºÅÍ ¼¹öÀÓÀ» ¶æÇϸç, ¸¶Áö¸· ¶óÀÎÀº È£½ºÆ®¸í°ú IP ÁÖ¼Ò »çÀÌÀÇ ¸ÅÇÎ Á¤º¸°¡
ps/127.0.0
ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ½À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.
ps/127.0.0
ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù. ³»¿ëÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú
°°´Ù.
@ IN SOA ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. ( 1 ; Serial 8H ; Refresh 2H ; Retry 1W ; Expire 1D) ; Minimum TTL NS ns.linux.bogus. 1 PTR localhost.
À§ÀÇ named.conf ÆÄÀÏ°ú´Â ´ëÁ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼´Â
¿ÏÀüÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀθí(full domain name)ÀÇ ³¡¿¡´Â ¸ðµÎ `.
'ÀÌ ÀÖÀ½¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÏÀÚ.
Some people
like to start each zone file with a $ORIGIN
directive, but
this is superfluous. The origin (where in the DNS hierarchy it
belongs) of a zone file is specified on the zone section of the
named.conf
file, in this case it's 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
.
ÀÌ `Á¸(zone) ÆÄÀÏ'¿¡´Â `resource records' (RRs)°¡ 3°³ ÀÖ´Ù. SOA, NS, ±×¸®°í PTRÀÌ´Ù. SOA´Â `Start Of Authority'ÀÇ Ãà¾à¾îÀÌ´Ù. `@'Àº originÀ» ¶æÇϴ Ư¼ö¹®ÀÚÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ `µµ¸ÞÀÎ' Ç׸ñÀÌ 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa À̹ǷΠùÁÙÀÇ Àǹ̴ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
0.0.127.in-addr.arpa. IN SOA ...
NS´Â ³×ÀÓ ¼¹ö RRÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÁÙ¿¡´Â óÀ½¿¡ '@' ¹®ÀÚ°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¹Ù·Î À§¿¡¼ '@' ¹®ÀÚ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÑ ÁÙÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î À̸¦ ¾Ï¹¬ÀûÀ¸·Î µû¸¥´Ù. Ÿ¼öµµ ÁÙÀÏ°â.. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î NS ÁÙÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
0.0.127.in-addr.arpa. IN NS ns.linux.bogus
0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ³×ÀÓ ¼¹ö°¡ ns.linux.bogus
ÀÓÀ»
´Ù¸¥ DNSµé¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·Á ÁØ´Ù. 'ns'°¡ ³×ÀÓ ¼¹öÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î °ü·Êó·³ ¾²ÀδÙ.
±×·¯³ª À¥¼¹öÀÇ À̸§ÀÌ °ü·ÊÀûÀ¸·Î www.somethingÀÌµí ´Ù¸¥ À̸§À» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â
°Íµµ ¹«¹æÇÏ´Ù.
¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î PTR Ç׸ñÀº 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
¼ºê³Ý¿¡¼ ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ 1ÀÎ
È£½ºÆ®, Áï 127.0.0,1ÀÇ À̸§ÀÌ localhost
ÀÓÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.
SOA Ç׸ñÀº Á¸ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¸»·Î °¢ Á¸ ÆÄÀϸ¶´Ù ²À Çϳª¾¿, ùÁÙ¿¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã
ÀÖ¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ Ç׸ñÀº ÇöÀç ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Primary ³×ÀÓ ¼¹öÀÇ À̸§Àº
¹«¾ùÀÎÁö (ns.linux.bogus
), °ü¸®ÀÚ´Â ´©±¸ÀÎÁö,
(hostmaster@linux.bogus
), Á¸ ÆÄÀÏÀº ¹öÀüÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô µÇ´ÂÁö (serial: 1),
ij½Ã ¼³Á¤°ú secondary DNS ¼¹ö¿¡ °üÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
³²Àº Ç׸ñµéÀº refresh, retry, expire, ±×¸®°í minimumÀε¥, ÀÌ ¹®¼¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÑ
°ªÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤Çϸé, Å©°Ô ½Å°æ¾²Áö ¾Ê¾Æµµ Àß ÀÛµ¿ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌÁ¦ ndc restart
¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î named¸¦ Àç½ÃÀÛÇÏ°í nslookupÀ¸·Î
Áö±Ý±îÁö ¼³Á¤ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ½ÃÇèÇØ º¸ÀÚ.
$ nslookup
Default Server: localhost
Address: 127.0.0.1
> 127.0.0.1
Server: localhost
Address: 127.0.0.1
Name: localhost
Address: 127.0.0.1
À§¿¡¼ IP 127.0.0.1¿¡ ¸ÅÇÎµÈ È£½ºÆ®¸í localhost
¸¦ ã´Âµ¥ ¼º°øÇß´Ù.
±Â ÀÌÁ¦ named.conf
¿¡ Á¸(zone)À» »õ·Î Ãß°¡ÇÏ¿© ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÁÖ¸ñÀûÀÎ linux.bogus
µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇØ º¸ÀÚ.
zone "linux.bogus" { notify no; type master; file "pz/linux.bogus"; };
named.conf
ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓ ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ `.
'ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â °Í¿¡
ÁÖÀÇÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
linux.bogus Á¸ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ 100% °¡»ó µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ »ðÀÔÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
; ; Zone file for linux.bogus ; ; The full zone file ; @ IN SOA ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. ( 199802151 ; serial, todays date + todays serial # 8H ; refresh, seconds 2H ; retry, seconds 1W ; expire, seconds 1D ) ; minimum, seconds ; NS ns ; Inet Address of name server MX 10 mail.linux.bogus ; Primary Mail Exchanger MX 20 mail.friend.bogus. ; Secondary Mail Exchanger ; localhost A 127.0.0.1 ns A 192.168.196.2 mail A 192.168.196.4
SOA Ç׸ñ¿¡¼ 2°¡Áö¸¦ ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ns.linux.bogus´Â A ·¹Äڵ尡 ÀÖ´Â ½ÇÁ¦ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀ̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. SOA ·¹Äڵ忡¼ ¾ð±ÞµÈ ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ ´Ù¸¥ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ·Î ¾Ë¸®¾Æ½ÌÇÏ´Â CNAME ·¹Äڵ尡 ÀÖÀ¸¸é ±ÔÄ¢¿¡ ¾î±ß³´Ù. À̸§ÀÌ `ns'ÀÏ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾øÀ¸¸ç ´Ù¸¥ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» »ç¿ëÇصµ ¹«¹æÇÏ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î, hostmaster.linux.bogus´Â hostmaster@linux.bogus·Î ÀÐÀ¸¸é µÈ´Ù. DNS °ü¸®ÀÚÀÇ ¸ÞÀÏ ¾Ë¸®¾Æ½º³ª ¸ÞÀϹڽº¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °÷ÀÌ´Ù. µµ¸ÞÀÎ °ü·Ã ¸ÞÀÏÀº ¸ðµÎ ÀÌ ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ¹è´ÞµÈ´Ù. À̸§ÀÌ `hostmaster'ÀÏ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù. ÀüÀÚ¿ìÆí ÁÖ¼Ò¶ó¸é ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇصµ »ó°ü¾øÁö¸¸, `hostmaster'¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ³ª»ÚÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡´Â MX(Mail eXchanger)¶ó´Â »õ·Î¿î RR À¯ÇüÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
someone@linux.bogus
ÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò·Î µé¾î¿À´Â ¸ÞÀÏÀ» ó¸®ÇÒ ¸ÞÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
À§ÀÇ ¿¹¿¡¼ someone@linux.bogus
ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ¸ÞÀÏÀº
mail.linux.bogus
¶Ç´Â mail.friend.bogus
·Î º¸³½´Ù. È£½ºÆ®¸í ¹Ù·Î ¾Õ¿¡
ÀÖ´Â ¼ýÀÚ´Â MX Ç׸ñÀÇ ¿ì¼± ¼øÀ§À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ¸ÞÀÏÀº ÀÌ ¼ýÀÚ°¡ °¡Àå ³·Àº(¿©±â¼´Â
10) RR¿¡ ¸ÞÀÏÀ» º¸³½´Ù. ¿©±â¼ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ¸é ¼ýÀÚ°¡ ±× ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î ³·Àº
µÎ¹ø° ¸ÞÀÏ ¼¹ö Áï, ¿ì¼± ¼øÀ§°¡ 20ÀÏ mail.friend.bogus
À¸·Î º¸³¾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ndc restart
·Î 'named'¸¦ Àç½ÃÀÛÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ nslookupÀ¸·Î °á°ú¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏÀÚ.
$ nslookup
> set q=any
> linux.bogus
Server: localhost
Address: 127.0.0.1
linux.bogus
origin = ns.linux.bogus
mail addr = hostmaster.linux.bogus
serial = 199802151
refresh = 28800 (8 hours)
retry = 7200 (2 hours)
expire = 604800 (7 days)
minimum ttl = 86400 (1 day)
linux.bogus nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
linux.bogus preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogus
linux.bogus preference = 20, mail exchanger = mail.friend.bogus
linux.bogus nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
ns.linux.bogus internet address = 192.168.196.2
mail.linux.bogus internet address = 192.168.196.4
À§ °á°ú¸¦ Àß »ìÆ캸¸é ¹ö±×¸¦ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
linux.bogus preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogus
À§ ¶óÀÎÀº Ʋ·È´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Ãâ·ÂµÇ¾î¾ß Á¤»óÀÌ´Ù.
linux.bogus preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Á» ´õ Àß ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÀÌ ºÎºÐ¿¡ ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÀϺη¯ ³Ö¾î µÎ¾ú´Ù. ;-) Á¸ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ ´ÙÀ½ ¶óÀÎÀ» ãµµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ.
MX 10 mail.linux.bogus ; Primary Mail Exchanger
¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ Á¡ÀÌ ºüÁ³´Ù. °íÄ¡Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é `linux.bogus'°¡ ºÙ¾î ³ª¿À°Ô µÈ´Ù. Á¸
ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀÌ Á¡À¸·Î ³¡³ªÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é linux.bogus.linux.bogus
ó·³
originÀÌ Ã·ºÎµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î
MX 10 mail.linux.bogus. ; Primary Mail Exchanger
¶Ç´Â
MX 10 mail ; Primary Mail Exchanger
·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿Ã¹Ù¸£´Ù. ÀúÀڴ ŸÀÌÇÎ ¼ö°¡ ÀûÀº ÈÄÀÚ¸¦ ´õ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù.
bind¸¦ Àß ¾Æ´Â »ç¿ëÀÚµé Áß¿¡´Â ¿©±â¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷µµ ÀÖ°í,
µ¿ÀÇÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µµ ÀÖ´Ù.
Áö¿ª ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº `.
'À¸·Î ³¡³ª°Ô ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Àû°Å³ª ¾Æ´Ï¸é
µðÆúÆ®ÀÎ origin¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ºÎºÐÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
°Á¶Çϰǵ¥ named.conf ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓÀÇ ³¡¿¡ `.
'ÀÌ
¾ø¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
`.'ÀÌ ÀÖ°í ¾øÀ½ÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ÀÏÀ» ²¿ÀÌ°Ô ¸¸µé°í »ç¶÷µéÀ» È¥¶õ½º·´°Ô
¸¸µå´ÂÁö »ó»óµµ ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿©±â ÀúÀÚÀÇ °ßÇØ°¡ ¹Ý¿µµÈ »õ·Î¿î Á¸ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚ·á°¡ ¾à°£ ´õÇØÁ³´Ù.
; ; Zone file for linux.bogus ; ; The full zone file ; @ IN SOA ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. ( 199802151 ; serial, todays date + todays serial # 8H ; refresh, seconds 2H ; retry, seconds 1W ; expire, seconds 1D ) ; minimum, seconds ; TXT "Linux.Bogus, your DNS consultants" NS ns ; Inet Address of name server NS ns.friend.bogus. MX 10 mail ; Primary Mail Exchanger MX 20 mail.friend.bogus. ; Secondary Mail Exchanger localhost A 127.0.0.1 gw A 192.168.196.1 HINFO "Cisco" "IOS" TXT "The router" ns A 192.168.196.2 MX 10 mail MX 20 mail.friend.bogus. HINFO "Pentium" "Linux 2.0" www CNAME ns donald A 192.168.196.3 MX 10 mail MX 20 mail.friend.bogus. HINFO "i486" "Linux 2.0" TXT "DEK" mail A 192.168.196.4 MX 10 mail MX 20 mail.friend.bogus. HINFO "386sx" "Linux 1.2" ftp A 192.168.196.5 MX 10 mail MX 20 mail.friend.bogus. HINFO "P6" "Linux 2.1.86"
À§¿¡ »õ·Î¿î RRÀÌ ²Ï ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. HINFO(Host INFOrmation)Àº µÎ ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î À̷ξîÁ® Àִµ¥ °¢°¢À» Å«µû¿ÈÇ¥·Î µÑ·¯ ½Î´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ¾ÕºÎºÐÀº ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Çϵå¿þ¾î ¶Ç´Â CPU Á¤º¸ÀÌ´Ù. µÎ¹ø° ºÎºÐÀº ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ¶Ç´Â OS Á¤º¸ÀÌ´Ù. `ns' ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ´Â Pentium CPU¿¡ Linux 2.0À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. CNAME(Canonical NAME)Àº ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Çϳª¿¡ À̸§À» ¿©·¯ °³ ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î wwwÀº ns¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾Ë¸®¾Æ½ºÀÌ´Ù.
CNAME ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ¿ë¹ýÀº ¾à°£ ³íÀïÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ÙÀ½ ±ÔÄ¢À» µû¸£¸é ¾ÈÀüÇÏ´Ù. MX, CNAME, SOA Ç׸ñÀº CNAME ·¹ÄÚµå¿Í´Â Àý´ë·Î ¿¬°áÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ°í, A Ç׸ñÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °¡Áø ´Ù¸¥°Í°ú ¿¬°áÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Áï, ´ÙÀ½Àº À߸ø ¼³Á¤ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
foobar CNAME www ; NO!
¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿Ã¹Ù¸£´Ù.
foobar CNAME ns ; Yes!
¶ÇÇÑ CNAMEÀº ÀüÀÚ¿ìÆí ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÑ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ
¾ÈÀüÇÏ´Ù. Áï, webmaster@www.linux.bogus
´Â ±ÔÁ¤¿¡ ¾î±ß³ ÀüÀÚ¿ìÆí
ÁÖ¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ °¡Á¤À» µû¸£Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ºñ·Ï µ¿ÀÛÀº ÇÏ°ÚÁö¸¸ ¸ÞÀÏ °ü¸®°¡
»ó´çÈ÷ ¾î·Á¿öÁø´Ù. À̸¦ ¸·À¸·Á¸é A ·¹ÄÚµå(¶Ç´Â MX °°Àº ·¹ÄÚµå)¸¦
´ë½Å »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
www A 192.168.196.2
¸¹Àº bind Àü¹®°¡µéÀº CNAMEÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸» °ÍÀ» ±ÇÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ÆÁÖ ½ÅÁßÇÏ°Ô °ËÅäÇØ º¸¶ó.
±×·¯³ª ¿©·¯ºÐµµ ¾Ëµí, ÀÌ ÇÏ¿ìÅõµµ ±×·¸°í ¸¹Àº »çÀÌÆ®°¡ ÀÌ ±ÔÄ¢À» µû¸£Áö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
ndc reload
·Î µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ »õ·Î ÀÐ¾î µéÀÌÀÚ. ndc reload
¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé
named´Â ÆÄÀϵéÀ» ´Ù½Ã Àд´Ù.
$ nslookup
Default Server: localhost
Address: 127.0.0.1
> ls -d linux.bogus
ÀÌ´Â ¸ðµç ·¹Äڵ尡 Ãâ·ÂµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÔÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù . °á°ú´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
[localhost]
$ORIGIN linux.bogus.
@ 1D IN SOA ns hostmaster (
199802151 ; serial
8H ; refresh
2H ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D ) ; minimum
1D IN NS ns
1D IN NS ns.friend.bogus.
1D IN TXT "Linux.Bogus, your DNS consultants"
1D IN MX 10 mail
1D IN MX 20 mail.friend.bogus.
gw 1D IN A 192.168.196.1
1D IN HINFO "Cisco" "IOS"
1D IN TXT "The router"
mail 1D IN A 192.168.196.4
1D IN MX 10 mail
1D IN MX 20 mail.friend.bogus.
1D IN HINFO "386sx" "Linux 1.0.9"
localhost 1D IN A 127.0.0.1
www 1D IN CNAME ns
donald 1D IN A 192.168.196.3
1D IN MX 10 mail
1D IN MX 20 mail.friend.bogus.
1D IN HINFO "i486" "Linux 1.2"
1D IN TXT "DEK"
ftp 1D IN A 192.168.196.5
1D IN MX 10 mail
1D IN MX 20 mail.friend.bogus.
1D IN HINFO "P6" "Linux 1.3.59"
ns 1D IN A 192.168.196.2
1D IN MX 10 mail
1D IN MX 20 mail.friend.bogus.
1D IN HINFO "Pentium" "Linux 1.2"
@ 1D IN SOA ns hostmaster (
199802151 ; serial
8H ; refresh
2H ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D ) ; minimum
°á°ú°¡ À§¿Í °°´Ù¸é Á¤»óÀÌ´Ù. À§ °á°ú´Â ¹Ù·Î Á¸ ÆÄÀÏ°ú ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô º¸ÀδÙ. www¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ¹«¾î¶ó ¸»ÇÏ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇØ º¸ÀÚ.
> set q=any
> www.linux.bogus.
Server: localhost
Address: 127.0.0.1
www.linux.bogus canonical name = ns.linux.bogus
linux.bogus nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
linux.bogus nameserver = ns.friend.bogus
ns.linux.bogus internet address = 192.168.196.2
´Þ¸® Ç¥ÇöÇÏÀÚ¸é, www.linux.bogus
ÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ À̸§Àº
ns.linux.bogus
ÀÌ´Ù. µµÇÑ ns¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸µµ ÇÔ²² ¹ÝȯÇØ ÁÖ±â
¶§¹®¿¡ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ÀÌ Á¤º¸¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ns(wwwÀ̱⵵ ÇÔ)¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌÁ¦ ÇÑ ¹Ý Á¤µµ¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ÀÌÁ¦ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ® ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀÌ linux.bogu µµ¸ÞÀΠȣ½ºÆ®µéÀÇ À̸§À» ÁÖ¼Ò·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ¿© ¿øÇÏ´Â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¸Áö¸¸, ¿ªº¯È¯ Á¸ÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î¾ß DNS°¡ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ À̸§À¸·Î º¯È¯ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. FTP, IRC, WWW µî ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¼¹ö°¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿Í Åë½ÅÀ» Çã¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÎÁö, Çã¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é ¾î¶² ¿ì¼± ¼øÀ§¸¦ ÁÙ °ÍÀÎÁö °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¹Ù·Î È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿ªº¯È¯ Á¸ÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ ¸ðµç ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ¼ºñ½º¸¦ ¿ÏÀüÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¾Æ·¡ ³»¿ëÀ» named.conf
ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ »ðÀÔÇÏÀÚ.
zone "196.168.192.in-addr.arpa" { notify no; type master; file "pz/192.168.196"; };
0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. ³»¿ëµµ ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù.
@ IN SOA ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. ( 199802151 ; Serial, todays date + todays serial 8H ; Refresh 2H ; Retry 1W ; Expire 1D) ; Minimum TTL NS ns.linux.bogus. 1 PTR gw.linux.bogus. 2 PTR ns.linux.bogus. 3 PTR donald.linux.bogus. 4 PTR mail.linux.bogus. 5 PTR ftp.linux.bogus.
ÀÌÁ¦ ´ç½ÅÀÇ named¸¦ Àç½ÃÀÛ(ndc restart
)ÇÏ°í nslookupÀ¸·Î Áö±Ý±îÁö
¼³Á¤ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» È®ÀÎÇØ º¸ÀÚ.
> 192.168.196.4 Server: localhost Address: 127.0.0.1 Name: mail.linux.bogus Address: 192.168.196.4
À§¿Í °°ÀÌ Á¦´ë·Î º¸À̸é, È®Àλï¾Æ Àüü¸¦ ´ýÇÁ½ÃÄÑ º¸ÀÚ.
> ls -d 196.168.192.in-addr.arpa [localhost] $ORIGIN 196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. @ 1D IN SOA ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. ( 199802151 ; serial 8H ; refresh 2H ; retry 1W ; expiry 1D ) ; minimum 1D IN NS ns.linux.bogus. 1 1D IN PTR gw.linux.bogus. 2 1D IN PTR ns.linux.bogus. 3 1D IN PTR donald.linux.bogus. 4 1D IN PTR mail.linux.bogus. 5 1D IN PTR ftp.linux.bogus. @ 1D IN SOA ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. ( 199802151 ; serial 8H ; refresh 2H ; retry 1W ; expiry 1D ) ; minimum
¿Í¿ì, ¼º°øÀÌ´Ù!
¿©±â¿¡ º¸ÃæÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ ¾à°£ ÀÖ´Ù. À§ÀÇ ¿¹¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÈ IP ¼ýÀÚµéÀº 'private
nets' ºí·°Áß¿¡¼ Çϳª¸¦ ÅÃÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÎÅͳݿ¡ ¹°·Á¼ °ø½ÄÀûÀ¸·Î
»ç¿ëµÇ¾î¼´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ HOWTO¿¡¼ ¿¹Á¦·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾ÈÀüÇÏ´Ù.
µÎ¹ø°´Â notify no;
ÁÙÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº 'named'°¡ ±× Áö¿ª ÆÄÀϵé Áß¿¡¼ Çϳª°¡
°»½ÅµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ secondary(slave) ¼¹ö¿¡°Ô ¾Ë¸®Áö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. bind-8¿¡¼´Â
Áö¿ª ÆÄÀÏÀÌ °»½ÅµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ Áö¿ª ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ³ª¿µÈ NS ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ¼¹ö¿¡°Ô 'named'°¡
¾Ë·ÁÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀº DNS¸¦ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¿î¿µÇÒ ¶§´Â Æí¸®ÇÏÁö¸¸ »çÀûÀÎ ¿¬½À¿¡´Â
ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» ²¨¾ßÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¿¬½ÀÀ¸·Î ÀÎÅͳÝÀ» ¿À¿°½Ãų ¼ö´Â ¾øÁö ¾ÊÀº°¡?
Áö±Ý±îÁö »ç¿ëÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀεµ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ °¡»óÀÌ°í, ±× Áּҵ鵵 ½ÇÁ¦·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ¿¹´Â ´ÙÀ½ ÀýÀ» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó.