Oi prwimes kai ana mikra xronika diasthmata ekdoseis einai krisimo meros toy monteloy anaptyjhs toy Linux. Oi perissoteroi programmatistes (symperilambanomenoy kai emena) pisteyan oti ayto einai mia kakh politikh gia megalutera apo ta tetrimmena projects, epeidh oi prwimes ekdoseis einai sxedon ej orismou gemates bugs kai to mono poy den epi8ymeis einai na ejantleis thn ypomonh twn xrhstwn soy.
Ayth h apoch enisxye thn genikh apodoxh enos "ka8edrikou" eidoys anaptyjhs. An o kurios stoxos einai na synantoun oi xrhstes oso to dynaton ligotera bugs, tote giati na ekdideis mia fora ka8e ejh mhnes (h kai ligotero syxna) kai meta na doyleueis sklhra (like a dog) gia na apallax8eis ap' ta bugs; O pyrhnas toy Emacs C ftiaxthke m' ayto ton tropo. Enw anti8eta, h biblio8hkh Lisp oxi, ayto synebh epeidh yphrxan energa arxeia Lisp ejw ap' ton elegxo toy FSF, sta opoia mporouse kaneis na anatrejei gia na brei nees ekdoseis toy kwdika, anejarthta ap' toys kukloys ekdosewn toy Emacs.
H pio shmantikh ap' aytes tis arxeio8hkes, h elisp toy Oxaio, proeblepe to pneuma kai polla ap' ta xarakthristika twn shmerinwn megalwn arxeio8hkwn toy Linux. Alla ligoi apo mas skeftontan pragmatika polu gia to ti kaname, h gia to ti shmaine h uparjh aytwn twn arxeio8hkwn gia to problhma toy "ka8edrikou" monteloy anaptyjhs toy FSF. Ekana mia sobarh prospa8eia gurw sto 1992 na prosarthsw megalo meros toy kwdika toy Oxaio sthn epishmh biblio8hkh toy Emacs Lisp. Mphka se politikous mpelades kai h apotyxia moy htan megalh.
Omws, ena xrono meta, ka8ws to Linux ginotan eyrutera gnwsto, egine jeka8aro oti kati diaforetiko kai ygiestero symbainei. To anoixto monteloy anaptyjhs toy Linus htan to akrws anti8eto toy "ka8edrikou" monteloy. Ekanan thn emfanish toys oi arxeio8hkes sunsite kai tsx-11 ka8ws kai pollaples dianomes. Ki ol' ayta odhgoumena apo mia anapantexh syxnothta ekdosewn toy pyrhna toy systhmatos.
O Linus antimetwpize toys xrhstes toy san syn-programmatistes me ton kalutero dynato tropo:
7.Ekdoseis nwris, ekdoseis syxna kai akoy toys xrhstes soy.
H kainotomia toy Linus den htan toso ayto (kati tetoio synebaine gia polu kairo ston kosmo toy Unix), alla h klimakwsh toy se ba8mo poy plhsiaze thn periplokothta ths pros anaptyjh efarmoghs. Ekeinh th xronia (peri to 1992) den toy htan agnwsth h taktikh na ekdidei neo pyrhna ka8e mera! Ayth h prospa8eia petyxe epeidh aneptysse thn bash twn syn-programmatistwn toy kai xrhsimopoiouse thn dunamh toy Internet gia synergasia pio kala apo ka8e allon.
Alla pws ta katafere; Kai htan kati poy mporousa na mimh8w h basizotan se kapoia monadikh eyfyia toy Linus Torvalds;
O Linus htan enas polu kalos hacker (posoi apo emas 8a kataskeuazan enan paragwgika poiotiko pyrhna leitoyrgika systhmatos;). To Linux den htan kanena tromero alma pros ta empros. O Linus den einai (h oxi akoma) kamia idiofyia sto na sxediazei opws, as poume, o Richard Stallman h o James Gosling (NeWS kai Java). Emena moy fainetai oti o Linus einai enas eyfyhs programmatisths, me mia ekth ais8hsh na apofeugei ta bugs kai programmatistika adiejoda kai eukola briskei to pio suntomo dromo ap' to shmeio A pros to shmeio B. Pragmatika, oloklhros o sxediasmos toy Linux apopneei ayth thn poiothta kai antanakla thn oysiastika synthrhtikh kai aplopoihtikh proseggish toy Linus.
An, loipon, oi grhgores ekdoseis kai h plhrhs xrhsh toy Internet den hsan tyxaia gegonota alla oloklhrwmena merh ths dioratikothtas toy Linus, poia htan h prwtotypia toy;
Gia na to pw apla, h erwthsh apantatai monh ths. O Linus kratouse toy hackers/xrhstes synexws se yperentash kai toys antameibe-se yperentash mesw toy project h diathrwntas ena egwistiko kommati ths olhs drashs kai toys antameibe me thn sta8era (sxedon ka8e mera) beltiwsh ths ergasia toys.
O Linus skopeye amesa sthn megistopoihsh toy ari8mou an8rwpowrwn sthn katarghsh twn bugs kai sthn anaptyjh, akomh kai me pi8ano kostos thn asta8eia toy kwdika h thn axrhsteysh ths bashs twn xrhstwn toy, an ena sobaro bug apodeiknyotan ati8aso. O Linus symperiferotan san na pisteye sto ejhs:
8. Dedomenhs mia megalhs bashs dokimastwn beta kai syn-programmatistwn, sxedon ka8e problhma grhgora 8a entopis8ei ki ena fix 8a kanei thn emfanish toy.
H , ligotero typika, "exontas arketa matia, ola ta bugs einai rhxa". To allaja se: "O Nomos toy Linus".
H arxikh moy skech htan oti, ka8e problhma "8a ginei fanero se kapoion". O Linus apanthse legontas oti, to proswpo poy katalabainei kai dior8wnei to problhma den einai anagkaia h synh8ws to proswpo poy prwto to xarakthrizei. "Kapoios briskei ena problhma", leei, "kai kapoios allos to katalabainei. Kai h anakalych toy problhmatos einai h megaluterh proklhsh". To zhthma, omws, htan oti kai ta duo eteinan na ginontai taxutata.
Edw, pisteuw, oti brisketai h kentrikh diafora poy ypogrammizei ta duo styl programmatismou, to ka8edriko kai to styl pazariou. Apo thn apoch toy ka8edrikou programmatisth, ta bugs kai ta alla problhmata programmatismou einai aproblepta, upoyla, ba8ia fainomena. Xreiazontai mhnes leptomerous ejetashs apo merikous afosiwmenoys an8rwpoys gia na kataskeyasoyn empisto kwdika. Gi' ayto kai ta megala dialeimmata metaju twn ekdosewn kai h anapofeykth apogohteysh otan oi ekdoseis aytes, poy toso kairo perimeneis, den einai teleies.
Ap' thn apoch toy se "styl pazariou" programmatismou, ta bugs einai genika epipolaia fainomena-h, toylaxiston, katalhgoyn na ginoyn epipolaia otan ekti8entai se xilioys anypomonoys syn-programmatistes poy meletoun ka8e nea ekdosh. Etsi, kaneis syxnes ekdoseis gia na kerdiseis perissoteres dior8wseis kai san deytereuon kerdos, exeis ligotera na xaseis an paroysiastei kapoia peristasiakh tsapatsoylia
An o "Nomos toy Linus" einai esfalmenos, tote ka8e susthma poy einai toso periploko oso o pyrhnas toy Linux, poy "mastoreuetai " apo tosa xeria, 8a eprepe na katarreei katw apo to baros twn aprobleptwn kakwn allhlepidrasewn kai kala krymmenwn bugs. An, apo thn allh einai swstos, ejhgei ikanopoihtika thn sxetikh apoysia bugs apo to Linux.
Ws pros ayto, den 8a eprepe na apotelei ekplhjh. Oi koinwniologoi prin apo xronia anakalycan oti h mesh gnwmh enos synoloy isodunama eidikwn (h isodunama anidewn) parathrhtwn einai ligo perissotero ajiopisth apo ekeinh enos monadikou tyxaia epilegmenoy parathrhth. Ayto apokaleitai "Fainomeno twn Delfwn". Fainetai oti, ayto poy apedeije o Linus einai oti to fainomeno ayto briskei efarmogh sthn apomakrynsh twn bugs apo ena leitoyrgiko susthma - oti to Fainomeno twn Delfwn mporei na elegjei thn programmatistikh polyplokothta, akomh kai sto epipedo polyplokothtas enos pyrhna leitoyrgikou systhmatos.
Eimai ypoxrewmenos ston Jeff Dutky (dutky@wam.umd.edu) poy ypedeije oti o Nomos toy Linus mporei na parafras8ei se "H Katarghsh twn Bugs Mporei na Parallhlis8ei". O Jeff parathrei oti, an kai h katarghsh twn bugs apaitei apo aytous poy to pragmatopoioun na epikoinwnoun me kapoion synergazomeno programmatisth, den apaitei shmantiko syntonismo metaju twn prwtwn. Etsi, h katarghsh twn bugs den peftei sthn pagida ths idias deyteroba8mias polyplokothtas kai ejodwn management poy ka8istoun thn aujhsh twn programmatistwn sthn ergasia problhmatikh.
Sthn prajh, h 8ewrhtikh apwleia apotelesmatikothtas ejaitias toy diplasiasmou ths ergasias twn programmatistwn gia thn katarghsh twn bugs sxedon pote den apasxolei ton kosmo toy Linux. Ena apotelesma ths "politikhs syxnwn kai prwimwn ekdosewn" einai h elaxistopoihsh tetoiwn diplasiasmwn me thn grhgorh anadrastikh [fed-back] diadosh twn dior8wsewn.
O Brooks ekane mia parathrhsh sxetika me ekeinh toy Jeff: "To synoliko kostos synthrhshs enos eyrews xrhsimopoioumenoy programmatos einai, typika, to 40% h kai perissotero toy kostoys kataskeyhs toy. Ayto to kostos ephreazetai polu apo ton ari8mo twn xrhstwn. Perissoteroi xrhstes briskoyn perissotera bugs".
Perissoteroi xrhstes briskoyn perissotera bugs, epeidh h pros8hkh perissoterwn xrhstwn pros8etei perissoteroys diaforetikous tropoys dokimwn toy programmatos. Ayto to fainomeno enisxuetai otan oi xrhstes einai syn-programmatistes. Ka8e programmatisths proseggizei thn ergasia xarakthrismou toy bug me elafra diaforetika antilhptika ki analytika ergaleia, apo diaforetikh gwnia, se sugkrish me alloys. To "Fainomeno twn Delfwn" fainetai na exei isxuei akribws ejaitias ayths ths poikilias. Sto plaisio ths katarghshs twn bugs h poikilia ayth teinei epishs na meiwsei ton diplasiasmo ths prospa8eias.
Etsi, h pros8hkh perissoterwn dokimastwn isws den meiwnei thn polyplokothta toy duskoloy bug, apo thn skopia toy programmatisth, ayjanei omws thn pi8anothta oti ta ergaleia kapoioy programmatisth 8a tairiajoyn me to problhma me tetoio tropo wste to bug na ka8istatai epipolaio gi' ayto to proswpo.
O Linus, omws, fylaei kai ta rouxa toy. Se periptwsh poy yparxoyn sobara bugs, h ekdosh toy pyrhna ari8meitai me tetoio tropo wste oi xrhstes na einai se 8esh na epilejoyn eite thn egkatastash ths teleytaias "sta8erhs" ekdoshs h na riskaroyn me bugs gia na apolausoyn nea xarakthristika. Ayth h taktikh den briskei mimhtes anamesa stoys hackers toy Linux, alla isws 8a eprepe. To gegonos oti kai oi duo epiloges einai sthn dia8esh twn xrhstwn tis kanei elkystikes._