Einai arketa eukolo na xtisete RPMs, eidikotera an mporeite na kataferete na xtisete apo mono toy to logismiko poy sas endiaferei na paketarete.
H basikh diadikasia gia na xtisete ena RPM einai h akoloy8h:
/etc/rpmrc exei egkatasta8ei sto susthma sas.Ypo fysiologikes syn8hkes, to RPM dhmioyrgei toso to paketo toy ektelesimoy oso kai toy phgaioy kwdika.
Gia thn wra, h monh ru8mish toy RPM diati8etai mesw toy arxeioy
/etc/rpmrc. Akoloy8ei ena paradeigma:
require_vendor: 1
distribution: I roll my own!
require_distribution: 1
topdir: /usr/src/me
vendor: Mickiesoft
packager: Mickeysoft Packaging Account <packages@mickiesoft.com>
optflags: i386 -O2 -m486 -fno-strength-reduce
optflags: alpha -O2
optflags: sparc -O2
signature: pgp
pgp_name: Mickeysoft Packaging Account
pgp_path: /home/packages/.pgp
tmppath: /usr/tmp
H grammh require_vendor kanei to RPM na zhta na brei mia
grammh pwlhth (vendor). Ayth mporei na proel8ei apo to arxeio
/etc/rpmrc h apo thn epikefalida toy idioy toy arxeioy prodiagrafwn
(spec file). Gia na to apenergopoihsete, allajte ton ari8mo se 0.
To idio isxuei gia tis grammes require_distribution kai
require_group.
H epomenh grammh einai sxetikh me th dianomh distribution. Mporeite
na th dhlwsete edw h argotera sthn epikefalida toy arxeioy prodiagrafwn (spec file).
Otan xtizete to paketo gia kapoia sygkekrimenh dianomh, einai kalh idea na
bebaiw8eite oti ayth h grammh einai swsth, akomh ki an den apaiteitai.
H grammh vendor doyleuei antistoixa, alla mporei na grafei otidhpote
(p.x. Joe's Software and Rock Music Emporium).
To RPM exei yposthrijh gia na xtisete paketa se pollaples arxitektonikes.
To arxeio rpmrc mporei na krata mia metablhth ``optflags'' gia na xtisete pragmata
poy apaitoun sygkekrimena flags analoga me thn arxitektonikh kata to xtisimo toys.
Deite ta parakatw tmhmata gia to pws na xrhsimopoihsete ayth th metablhth.
Yparxoyn kai alla polla epipleon macros poy mporeite na xrhsimopoihsete gia na deite ta tags kai ta dia8esima flags.
rpm --showrc
8a jekinhsoyme me syzhthsh gia to arxeio prodiagrafwn. Ta arxeia prodiagrafwn apaitountai gia na xtisete ena paketo. To arxeio prodiagrafwn einai mia perigrafh toy logismikou mazi me entoles kai odhgies gia to pws 8a sth8oun kai mia lista gia ola ta ektelesima poy egkatasta8hkan.
Kalo einai na onomasete to arxeio prodiagrafwn sumfwna me typikes symbaseis. 8a prepei na einai to paketo onoma-paula-ari8mos ekdoshs (version number)-paula- ari8mos seiras (release number)-teleia-spec.
Akoloy8ei ena mikro paradeigma arxeioy prodiagrafwn (vim-3.0-1.spec):
Summary: ejects ejectable media and controls auto ejection
Name: eject
Version: 1.4
Release: 3
Copyright: GPL
Group: Utilities/System
Source: sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/utils/disk-management/eject-1.4.tar.gz
Patch: eject-1.4-make.patch
Patch1: eject-1.4-jaz.patch
%description
Ayto to programma epitrepei sto xrhsth na bgazei (eject) ta mesa poy yposthrizoyn aytomath ejagwgh opws CD-ROMs,Jaz kai Zip drives, kai odhgous disketas se mhxanes SPARC.
%prep
%setup
%patch -p1
%patch1 -p1
%build
make RPM_OPT_FLAGS="$RPM_OPT_FLAGS"
%install
install -s -m 755 -o 0 -g 0 eject /usr/bin/eject
install -m 644 -o 0 -g 0 eject.1 /usr/man/man1
%files
%doc README COPYING ChangeLog
/usr/bin/eject
/usr/man/man1/eject.1
H epikefalida exei merika sta8era pedia poy prepei na symplhrw8oun. Dinontai epishs kai merikes ypodeijeis. Ta pedia prepei na symplhrw8oun opws fainetai parakatw:
Summary: Einai h perigrafh toy paketoy se mia grammh.Name: Einai to onoma toy rpm arxeioy poy skopeuete na xrhsimopoihsete.Version: Einai h ekdosh (version) toy rpm arxeioy poy skopeuete na xrhsimopoihsete.Release: Einai h seira (release) toy paketoy gia thn parapanw ekdosh (p.x. an ftiajoyme ena paketo kai to broume ligo problhmatiko kai prepei na to janaftiajoyme, to epomeno paketo 8a einai seira 2).Icon: Einai to onoma toy arxeioy toy eikonidioy poy 8a xrhsimopoih8ei me alla ergaleia egkatastashs ychlou epipedoy (opws to ``glint'' ths Red Hat). Prepei na einai gif kai na brisketai ston katalogo SOURCES.Source: Ayth h grammh deixnei sthn topo8esia HOME toy arxikou arxeioy phgaioy kwdika. Xrhsimopoieitai sthn periptwsh poy 8elete na parete ton kwdika jana h na elegjete gia newteres ekdoseis.
Shmeiwsh: To onoma arxeioy PREPEI na tairiazei me to onoma toy arxeioy poy exete sto susthma sas (p.x. mhn katebasete to phgaio arxeio kai allajete meta to onoma toy). Mporeite epishs na ka8orisete perissotera toy enos arxeia phgaioy kwdika xrhsimopoiwntas grammes opws :
Source0: blah-0.tar.gz
Source1: blah-1.tar.gz
Source2: fooblah.tar.gz
SOURCES . (H domh toy katalogoy 8a
syzhth8ei argotera se epomeno tmhma, "O dendroeidhs katalogos toy phgaioy kwdika").Patch: Einai to meros poy 8a breite to mpalwma (patch) an xreiastei na to katebasete jana.
Shmeiwsh: To onoma arxeioy edw prepei na tairiazei me ayto poy xrhsimopoieite otan ftiaxnete to diko SAS patch.
Mporei epishs na 8elete na shmeiwsete oti mporei na exete pollapla patch arxeia oso mporei na exete pollapla phgaia arxeia. 8a exete kati san to parakatw:
Patch0: blah-0.patch
Patch1: blah-1.patch
Patch2: fooblah.patch
SOURCES .Copyright: Ayth h grammh anaferei gia ta dikaiwmata toy paketoy. 8a prepei na xrhsimopoieite kati san GPL, BSD, MIT, public domain, distributable, h commercial.BuildRoot: Ayth h grammh sas epitrepei na ka8orisete enan katalogo san ``root'' gia na xtisete kai na egkatasthsete ena paketo. Mporeite na to xrhsimopoihsete gia na testarete to paketo sas prin na to egkatasthsete sto mhxanhma sas. Group: Ayth h grammh xrhsimopoieitai gia na pei se programmata egkatastashs ychlou epipedoy (opws to ``glint'' ths RedHat) pou na balei ayto to programma sth domh ths ierarxias. To dendro toy gkroyp moiazei ws ejhs :
Applications
Communications
Editors
Emacs
Engineering
Spreadsheets
Databases
Graphics
Networking
Mail
Math
News
Publishing
TeX
Base
Kernel
Utilities
Archiving
Console
File
System
Terminal
Text
Daemons
Documentation
X11
XFree86
Servers
Applications
Graphics
Networking
Games
Strategy
Video
Amusements
Utilities
Libraries
Window Managers
Libraries
Networking
Admin
Daemons
News
Utilities
Development
Debuggers
Libraries
Libc
Languages
Fortran
Tcl
Building
Version Control
Tools
Shells
Games
%description Den einai pragmatika ena tmhma ths epikefalidas, alla 8a prepei na perigrafei me to ypoloipo ths epikefalidas. Xreiazeste ena tag perigrafhs ana paketo kai/h ypopaketo. Ayto einai ena pedio pollaplwn-grammwn poy prepei na xrhsimopoih8ei gia na dwsei mia katanohth perigrafh toy paketoy.
Ayto einai to deutero tmhma sto arxeio prodiagrafwn. Xrhsimopoieitai gia na
etoimasete ton kwdika gia xtisimo. Edw prepei na kanete otidhpote xreiastei
gia na kanete patch toys kwdikes kai na toys egkatasthsete opws prepei gia
na gracete make.
Shmeiwste to ejhs: Ka8e ena apo ayta ta tmhmata einai pragmatika xwros
gia na ektelesete skriptakia floiou (shell scripts). Mporeite apla na ftiajete ena sh script kai na to balete meta to %prep tag gia na jepaketarete kai na kanete patch ton kwdika sas.
Parolayta, exoyme ftiajei macros gia na boh8hsoyme s'ayto.
To prwto ap'ayta ta macros einai to %setup macro. Sthn aplousterh toy morfh (xwris epiloges apo th grammh entolwn), apla jepaketarei ton kwdika kai mpainei ston katalogo me ton kwdika. Pairnei epishs tis parakatw epiloges:
-n name 8etei to onoma toy katalogoy poy 8a xrhsimopoih8ei gia to xtisimo sto onoma poy akoloy8ei name. To proka8orismeno onoma einai $ONOMA-$EKDOSH.
Alles dynatothtes perilambanoyn to $ONOMA, ${ONOMA}${EKDOSH}, h oti xrhsimopoiei to kurio tar arxeio.
(Shmeiwste parakalw oti oi metablhtes ``$'' den einai pragmatikes
metablhtes poy diati8entai mesa sto arxeio prodiagrafwn. Xrhsimopoiountai edw anti gia ena onoma-paradeigma. Eseis prepei na xrhsimopoihsete to pragmatiko onoma kai thn ekdosh sto paketo sas, oxi mia metablhth).-c 8a dhmioyrghsei kai 8a mpei ston onomazomeno katalogo prin na kanei untar.-b # 8a kanei untar ton Kwdika# prin na mpei ston katalogo (kai de bgazei nohma me thn epilogh -c gi'ayto mhn to kanete). Ayto einai xrhsimo otan exete pollapla arxeia me kwdika.-a # 8a kanei untar ton Kwdika# afou mpei ston katalogo.-T Ayth h epilogh agnoei thn proka8orismenh epilogh poy kanei untar ton Kwdika kai apaitei thn epilogh -b 0 h -a 0 gia na kanete untar to kurio arxeio kwdika. 8a to xreiasteite ayto otan yparxoyn deytereuoyses phges.-D MH diagrafete ton katalogo prin na jepaketarete. Ayto einai xrhsimo mono opoy exete perissotera toy enos macro egkatastashs. 8a prepei na xrhsimopoieitai mono se macros egkatastashs meta to prwto (alla pote sto prwto).
To epomeno apo ta dia8esima macros einai to %patch macro. Ayto to macro boh8a sthn aytomatopoihsh ths diadikasias ths efarmoghs mpalwmatwn (patches) stoys kwdikes. Pairnei polles epiloges, oi opoies fainontai parakatw:
# 8a efarmosei to Patch#-p # ka8orizei ton ari8mo twn diadoxikwn ypokatalogwn poy 8a agnohsei h entolh patch(1).-P H proka8orismenh energeia einai h efarmogh toy Patch (h
Patch0). Ayth h epilogh klhronomei thn proka8orismenh energeia kai 8a apaithsei ena 0 gia na kanei untar to kurio arxeio phgaioy kwdika. Ayth h epilogh einai xrhsimh se ena deutero (h metepeita) %patch macro to opoio apaitouse ena diaforetiko ari8mo apo to prwto macro.%patch# anti gia thn pragmatikh entolh : %patch # -PAyta prepei na einai ola ta macros poy xreiazeste. Afou ta exete ayta swsta, mporeite na kanete opoiadhpote egkatastash 8elete me sh skriptakia.
Otidhpote symperilabete mexri to %build macro (to opoio 8a syzhth8ei sto epomeno tmhma), ekteleitai mesw sh. Koitajte to parapanw paradeigma gia toys tupoys twn pragmatwn poy mporei na 8elete na kanete.
Den yparxoyn alh8eia macros se ayto to tmhma. 8a prepei apla
na balete tis entoles poy 8a xreiastei na xrhsimopoihsete gia
na xtisete to logismiko afou exete jepaketarei ton kwdika,
ton exete kanei patch kai exete mpei ston katalogo.
Ayto einai apla ena akomh sunolo entolwn poy perniountai sto sh,
etsi wste oles oi nomimes entoles sh mporoun na mpoyn edw
(symperilambanomenwn twn sxoliwn).
O trexwn katalogos poy doyleuete ginetai reset se ka8e ena apo
ayta ta tmhmata sto pio chlo epipedo toy katalogoy poy periexei ton kwdika , na to exete ypoch sas. Mporeite na mpeite stoys ypokatalogoys me cd an xreiastei.
Oute kai edw yparxoyn, pragmatika, macros. 8elete basika na balete
oti entoles xreiazontai gia thn egkatastash. An exete sth dia8esh sas
to make install sto paketo poy xtizete, balte to ekei.
An oxi, mporeite eite na kanete patch to makefile wste na gracete make
install kai sth synexeia na zhthsete na ginei edw to make install , h
mporeite na ta egkatasthsete edw me to xeri xrhsimopoiwntas sh entoles.
Mporeite na 8ewrhsete ton trexwn katalogo san to pio chlo epipedo toy katalogoy me ton kwdika.
Mporeite na pros8esete skriptakia poy na trexoyn prin kai meta thn egkatastash/
apegkatastash twn ektelesimwn paketwn. O kurios logos gi'ayto einai na kanete
pragmata opws na trejete to ldconfig afou egkatasthsete h afairesete
paketa poy periexoyn diamoirazomenes biblio8hkes. Ta macros gia ka8e ena apo
ta skriptakia einai ta parakatw:
%pre einai to macro poy ektelei skriptakia prin thn egkatastash.%post einai to macro poy ektelei skriptakia meta thn egkatastash.%preun einai to macro poy ektelei skriptakia prin thn apegkatastash.%postun einai to macro poy ektelei skriptakia meta thn apegkatastash.Ta periexomena aytwn twn tmhmatwn mporei na einai opoioydhpote tupoy sh
script, an kai de xreiazeste to #!/bin/sh.
Ayto einai to tmhma opoy prepei na dwsete th lista twn arxeiwn gia to
ektelesimo paketo. To RPM den exei tropo na gnwrizei ti ektelesima
egkatasta8hkan san apotelesma toy make install. DEN YPARXEI tropos na to kanete ayto.
Merikoi proteinoyn na ektelesete th find prin kai meta thn egkatastash toy
paketoy. Se ena polyxrhstiko susthma, ayto einai aparadekto ka8ws einai dynato
na dhmioyrgh8oun alla arxeia kata th diadikasia xtisimatos enos paketoy, ta opoia
den exoyn apolutws kamia sxesh me to idio to paketo.
Yparxoyn merika dia8esima macros poy kanoyn tetoies eidikes leitoyrgies. Ayta einai ta parakatw :
%doc xrhsimopoieitai gia na markarei mesa sto
paketo phgaioy kwdika thn tekmhriwsh poy 8elete na egkatasta8ei me mia
egkatastash binary. Ta keimena 8a egkatasta8oun sto
/usr/doc/$NAME-$VERSION-$RELEASE.
Mporeite na exete me ayto to macro lista pollaplwn keimenwn sth grammh entolwn,
h na parete th lista ka8enos jexwrista xrhsimopoiwntas ena macro gia ka8ena ap'ayta.%config xrhsimopoieitai gia na markarei ta arxeia ry8misewn se ena paketo.
Ayto perilambanei arxeia opws ta sendmail.cf, passwd, klp. An argotera apegkatasthsete
ena paketo poy periexei arxeia ry8misewn, opoia arxeia den allajan 8a sbhstoun
kai opoia exoyn ypostei allages 8a metonomastoun sto palio onoma me katalhjh .rpmsave
sto onoma toy arxeioy. Mporeite, epishs, na parete th lista pollaplwn arxeiwn me ayto to
macro.%dir markarei ena mono katalogo se mia lista arxeiwn poy 8a
symperilhf8ei san na anhkei sto paketo. Einai proka8orismeno, oti an deite th lista
enos katalogoy XWRIS kapoio %dir macro, OLA se ayton
ton katalogo symperilambanontai sth lista arxeiwn kai egka8istwntai san tmhma
toy paketoy. %files -f <filename> 8a sas epitrecei na emfanisete lista
twn arxeiwn sas se kapoio ay8aireto arxeio mesa ston katalogo toy phgaioy kwdika
opoy ginetai to xtisimo.
Ayto einai kalo se periptwseis opoy exete ena paketo poy mporei na xtisei th dikh toy
lista arxeiwn. Tote apla enswmatwnete edw ayth th lista arxeiwn kai de xreiazetai
na emfanisete eidikh lista arxeiwn. H megaluterh pagida sth lista arxeiwn einai h emfanish katalogwn. An emfanisete to
/usr/bin kata la8os, to ektelesimo paketo sas 8a periexei ka8e arxeio
sto /usr/bin sto susthma sas.
To prwto poy xreiazeste einai ena kala ry8mismeno dendro gia xtisimo (build tree).
Ayto ry8mizetai xrhsimopoiwntas to arxeio /etc/rpmrc. Oi perissoteroi
8a xrhsimopoihsoyn apla to /usr/src.
Mporei na xreiastei na dhmioyrghsete toys parakatw katalogoys gia na ftiajete ena dendro gia xtisimo (build tree):
BUILD einai o katalogos opoy ginetai to xtisimo apo to RPM.
De xreiazetai na testarete to xtisimo kapoy sygkekrimena, alla
edw 8a kanei to RPM 8a kanei to xtisimo toy.SOURCES einai o katalogos opoy 8a prepei na balete ta arxika
tar arxeia phgaioy kwdika kai ta patches. Edw einai poy exei proka8oristei
na cajei to RPM.SPECS einai o katalogos opoy prepei na pane ola ta arxeia prodiagrafwn (spec).RPMS einai ekei opoy 8a balei to RPM ola ta ektelesima RPMs meta to xtisimo.SRPMS einai ekei poy 8a mpoyn ola ta RPMs phgaioy kwdika.
To prwto pragma poy pi8ana na 8elete na kanete einai na parete ton kwdika kai na
xtisete to paketo xwris na xrhsimopoihsete ka8oloy to RPM. Gia na to kanete ayto,
jepaketarete ton phgaio kwdika, kai allajte to onoma toy katalogoy se
$NAME.orig. 3epaketarete ton kwdika jana. Xrhsimopoihste ton kwdika
gia na xtisete to paketo. Phgainete ston katalogo me ton kwdika kai akoloy8hste
tis odhgies gia to xtisimo. An prepei na allajete pragmata, 8a xreiasteite ena
mpalwma (patch). Molis to xtisete, ka8ariste ton katalogo me ton phgaio kwdika.
Sigoyreyteite oti diagracate ola ta arxeia poy dhmioyrgh8hkan apo to script
configure. Sth synexeia, bgeite apo ton katalogo me ton phgaio kwdika ston
pio panw grafontas cd . Kante kati san to parakatw:
diff -uNr dirname.orig dirname > ../SOURCES/dirname-linux.patch
Twra poy exete ton kwdika gia to xtisimo toy paketoy kai jerete pws 8a to kanete, xtiste to kai egkatasthste to. Koitajte thn ejodo ths diadikasias egkatastashs kai xtiste th lista arxeiwn sas apo ayth poy 8a xrhsimopoihsete sto arxeio prodiagrafwn. Synh8ws, xtizoyme to arxeio prodiagrafwn parallhla me ola ayta ta bhmata. Mporeite na dhmioyrghsete to arxiko kai na symplhrwsete ta eukola tmhmata, kai sth synexeia na symplhrwnete kai ta ypoloipa bhmata ka8ws proxwrate.
Apo th stigmh poy exete ena arxeio prodiagrafwn (spec file), eiste etoimoi na dokimasete na xtisete to paketo sas. O pio xrhsimos tropos na to kanete einai me mia entolh san thn akoloy8h :
rpm -ba foobar-1.0.spec
Yparxoyn epishs kai alles xrhsimes epiloges me to switch -b :
p shmainei na trejei apla to tmhma prep toy specfile.l einai enas elegxos listas poy kanei merikous elegxoys sta %arxeia.c kanei oti leei to tmhma prep kai metaglwttizei. Ayto einai xrhsimo
otan den eiste sigoyroi gia to an o kwdikas sas 8a ginei build. Fainetai axrhsto
epeidh mporei na 8elete na synexisete na paizete me ton idio ton kwdika mexri
na xtistei kai meta na xrhsimopoihsete to RPM, alla otan ejoikeiw8eite me th xrhsh toy
RPM, 8a breite stigmes poy 8a 8elhsete na to xrhsimopoihsete.i kanei oti leei to tmhma prep, metaglwttizei kai egka8ista.b kanei oti leei to tmhma prep, metaglwttizei, egka8ista kai xtizei
mono to ektelesimo paketo.a ta xtizei ola (kai ta ektelesima kai ta phgaioy kwdika paketa).-b switch. Aytes einai oi akoloy8es :
--short-circuit 8a metabei katey8eian se ena sygkekrimeno shmeio
(mporei na xrhsimopoih8ei mono me ta c kai i).--clean apomakrunei to dendro xtisimatos (build tree) otan teleiwsei.--keep-temps 8a krathsei ola ta temp arxeia kai ta scripts poy ftiaxthkan
sto /tmp. Mporeite na deite poia arxeia dhmioyrgh8hkan ston katalogo /tmp xrhsimopoiwntas
thn epilogh -v .--test den ektelei pragmatika ta bhmata, mono elegxei an mporoun na ginoyn.
Afou ftiajate ena ektelesimo kai ena me ton phgaio kwdika rpm gia to paketo sas,
xreiazetai na to elegjete. O eykoloteros kai kaluteros tropos einai na
xrhsimopoihsete ena teleiws diaforetiko mhxanhma gia na to dokimasete.
Sto katw-katw, exete kanei tosa make install sto mhxanhma sas, poy 8a
prepei na egkatasta8ei kala.
Mporeite na elegjete to paketo grafontas rpm -u packagename, alla ayto
mporei na sas ejapathsei epeidh sto xtisimo toy paketoy, kanate make install.
An afhsete kati ejw apo th lista arxeiwn sas, de 8a apegkatasta8oun.
8a egkatasthsete jana to ektelesimo paketo (binary package) kai to susthma sas
8a leitoyrgei kai pali, alla to rpm den einai entajei. Sigoyreyteite kai exete
ypoch sas oti mporei eseis na grafete rpm -ba package, polloi omws
egka8istoun to paketo sas kanontas rpm -i package. Sigoyreyteite oti
den kanete tipota sta tmhmata build h install poy 8a xreiastei na ginei
otan ta ektelesima paketa egka8istantai mona toys.
Molis ftiajete to diko sas neo RPM gia kati (ypo8etoyme oti einai kati poy den yparxei se RPM), mporeite na prosferete th doyleia sas kai se alloys (epishs ypo8etoyme oti ftiajate RPM enos programmatos poy dianeimetai eleu8era). Gia na to kanete ayto, 8a 8elhsete na to anebasete sto ftp.redhat.com.
Diabaste parakalw ta parapanw tmhmata sxetika me ton Elegxo kai toy ti na kanete me ta nea RPMs. 8eloyme osa RPMs einai dynato na exoyme, kai 8eloyme malista na einai kai kala RPMs. Parakalw dwste arketo xrono sto testarisma twn paketwn RPMs kai kante ton kopo na ta balete sto internet gia to kalo olwn mas. Epishs, parakalw sigoyreyteite oti kanete upload eleu8era dia8esimo logismiko. Emporiko kai shareware logismiko de 8a prepei na ginetai upload ektos ki an exoyn anaferetai rhta oti epitrepetai sthn adeia pneymatikhs idiokthsias. Ayto perilambanei to logismiko Netscape, ssh, pgp, klp.